The kingdom is working to keep fossil fuels at the center of the world economy for decades to come by lobbying, funding research and using its diplomatic muscle to obstruct climate action.
President Biden has had to walk a careful tightrope on energy and climate change in the weeks since U.S. sanctions on Russian oil and gas sent energy prices soaring.
The White House estimated that the move would shave 10 cents off every gallon of gasoline purchased at the approximately 2,300 stations in the country that offer the blend known as E15.